Chakri Day

April 6 marks the anniversary of the founding of the present Chakri Dynasty of which the present ruling monarch, King Bhumibol the Great, is the ninth king.

The Chakri Dynasty was founded by Phra Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke , or Rama I, who was born on March 20, 1737 with the name of Thong Duang and came to the throne on April 6, 1782. He ruled the country for 28 years.

During his reign he consolidated the kingdom in such a way that here was no further fear of invasion from enemies. King Rama I has been praised as an accomplished statesman, a lawmaker, a poet and a devout Buddhist. Thus, his reign has been called a "reconstruction" of the Thai state and Thai culture. He was the monarch who established Bangkok as the capital of Thailand, and this is the most long-lasting creation which gains popularity as the "City of Angels" . King Rama I passed away on September 7, 1809 at the age of 72.

King Rama I's son, Phra Buddha Loetla Naphalai , or Rama II, then acceded to the throne. It was during his reign that a renaissance of Thai arts and culture came about, especially in literature. The King himself was a man gifted with artistic talent. Phra Nang Klao came next. He fortified the country with a strong defence force and commissioned many buildings. It was during his reign that Thai arts reached the highest peak since Ayutthaya period. It is said that the reigns of King Rama II and III constituted a Golden Age of Literature and Arts, similar to King Narai 's in Ayutthaya. King Rama III or Phra Nang klao was succeeded by King Mongkut (Rama IV) who was a bold religious leader. He strated the commercial contacts with foreign countries and was responsible for the introduction of western science and modernization into Thailand. Then came King Chulalongkorn , the benevolent monarch.

During his reign of 42 years, many changes and reforms were made in Thailand. Slavery was abolished, modern system of administration was introduced, efficient law courts were established, education was systematically spread, and he financial system was revised.

King Vajiravudh, who succeeded King Chulalongkorn , further consolidated and developed what had been accomplished in the previous 40 years. He contributed much to the national language and literature so much so that he was sometimes called the poet who was a king. The outstanding achievement of his reign is perhaps a number of new treaties concluded between Thailand and other powers as it helped enhancing the prestige of Thailand. The King also introduced the use of tricolor flag to replace the old red flag with the white elephant.

King Vajiravudh passed away on November 26, 1925 and was succeeded by his younger brother King Prachadhipok , the seventh king of Chakri Dynasty who reigned as the last absolute monarch. On June 24, 1932 a revolution took place and His Majesty accepted the proposal of a constitutional regime. On March 2, 1934 the King abdicated and later died in exile, leaving the throne to his nephew, King Ananda Mahidol , who after 11 years rule met a sudden death leaving the throne to his younger brother, King Bhumibol Aulyadej , the present monarch.

On Chakri Day, His Majesty King Bhumibol accompanied by members of royal family presides over a religious ceremony performed to give merit to the deceased rulers at the Royal Chapel, then pays respects to His Majesty's Predecessors at the Royal Pantheon and lays a wreath at the statue of King Rama I at the Memorial Bridge. On this occasion, the Prime Minister, Ministers, high ranking officers, students, public and private organizations and people from all walks of life take part in a wreath-laying ceremony and make merit for the great kings who dedicated the best part of their lives for the betterment of their subjects.

Songkran

Among the many Thai festivals of the kingdom, the Songkran Festival or the Thai New Year has been regarded as the most important festival in Thailand . Due to its seemingly interminable traditional practice by all Thai people, the government has recognized its importance and has consistently promoted this festival by announcing the Songkran Festival, a three-day period. as a national public holiday. and as the Family Day. Thus, enabling Thai citizens to reunite with their families and have an opportunity to perform "merit making" at their respective temples. Moreover, those from different parts of the kingdom are motivated to retum home to celebrate this festival by performing ritual ceremonies with their families.

Meaning and History

Deriving from the Sanskrit language, the word "Songkran" means to pass or to move into. In this context, the meaning implies to the passing and the moving of the sun, the moon and other planets into one of the zodiacal orbits. And the Grand Songkran Festival which falls in Aries indicates the new era of the Thai New Year. Owing to the ancient Indian belief, the Grand Songkran Festival is most appropriate to be the Thai New Year due to the timing of the best season which is known as the spring of India that comes right after the cold season of winter. Also, there are other aspects supporting this belief such as the blooming of flowers, the fresh atmosphere of the nature and the livelihood of all living creatures. With the great influence from the Indians, the Songkran Festival portrays the typical ways of life of the Thais which involve agriculture. Free from their regular routine work, the Thai citizens will find time to perform their annual rites of showing respect to their ancestors. The highlight of the festival will include younger Thais paying respect to their elders by pouring scented water onto their hands. And in order to welcome the New Year, the celebration will include colourful local entertainment which, in fact, suitably unites the mutual relationship between members of the family, society, nature and the surroundings. Therefore, this Songkran Festival has proved to be the most important and grandest festival of the year. Moreover, the neighbouring countries such as Myanmar , Cambodia and Laos have also organised this type of festival. Since the old days during the Sukhothai period, the Songkran Festival was practised both in the royal court and among the ordinary citizens. However, the size of the celebration was not as elaborate as of today. Back in those days, civil servants and other government officials would pay homage to the king, and would drink the oath of allegiance to the king or the govemment, while the king would provide an annual salary to all officials. Later on, in the Ayutthaya period, the festival was expanded by including the bathing of the Buddha image. Also, the festivities wquld include the forming of sand pagodas and entertaining celebrations. In the Rattanakosin period, the rituals were conducted in a similar pattem as those during the Ayutthaya period.

Legend of the Grand Songkran Festival and Songkran Angels

During the Songkran Festival, there is normally an announcement of the name of the Angel for the festival of the year, her vehicle, her food preference, etc. And in order to forecast the prosperity of that year, it is worth knowing the quantity of rainfall and the number of Naga who is responsible for the provision of water. According to legend, the story involved King Kabilaprom and Prince Thammaban. Born to a wealthy family, Prince Thammaban was very intelligent since he was only seven years old. King Kabilaprom asked him three questions with conditions that if his answers were correct, King Kabilaprom was willing to sacrifice his head but if they were wrong, the Prince must do likewise. And the questions focused on the good signs of a person at each period of the day from moming to noon until the evening.

To the surprise of the king, the Prince answered the questions correctly. The good sign of a person in the moming is at the face, at the chest in the noon time, and at the foot in the evening. The King then had to cut off his head as promised. However, the King's head was so powerful that the whole world would be on fire if the head touched the earth, that a serious drought would occur and that all ocean water would dry up should it be thrown up in the sky or down in the ocean, respectively. Therefore, the King assigned his seven angel daughters to take tums carrying his head clockwise around Phra Sumeru Mountain . And if Songkran Day (April 13 ) falls on any day of the following, that year would be honoured by that Songkran Angel.

Sunday: "Tungsatevee" , red dress, preferred wild fruit, discus in the right hand, shell in the left hand, garuda as a vehicle.

Monday: "Korakatevee", yellow dress with pearl ornament, preferred butter oil, dagger in the right hand, walking cane in the left hand, tiger as a vehicle.

Tuesday: "Ragsotevee", light red dress with agate ornament, preferred blood, trident in the right hand, arrow in the left hand, pig as a vehicle.

Wednesday: "Montatevee", emerald green dress with cals eye ornament, preferred milk and butter, sharp iron in the right hand and walking cane in the left hand, donkey as a vehicle.

Thursday: "Kirineetevee", greenish yellow dress with emerald omament, preferred nuts and sesame seeds, elephant hook in the right hand, gun in the left hand, elephant as a vehicle.

Friday: " Kimitatevee" , white dress with topaz omament, preferred banana, dagger in the right hand, Indian vina in the left hand, buffalo as a vehicle.

Saturday: " Mahotorntevee ", black dress with onyx omament, preferred hog deer, discus in the right hand, trident in the left hand, peacock as a vehicle. The prediction for the New Year would be made accordiflg to that particular day of the Songkran Angel. For example, if the preferred food of the Songkran Angel are nuts and sesame seeds, it is predicted that the year would be productive, prosperous and healthy. And if the preferred food is bJood, the prediction would go for a bloody year with quarrels. And if the Songkran Angel preferred to carry a gun, it is predicted that the weather would be full of thunderstorms, etc. Also, at the venue where the grand Songkran Festival is organised, a procession of the festival chosen represented the Songkran Angel is indispensable for the people to appreciate.

Merit Making on Songkran Day

Upon the arrival of Songkran Day, merit making rituals are similarly organised in every part of the kingdom. To begin with, in the morning there will be the offering of food to monks, later in the day is the time for bathing over the Buddha image and releasing birds and fish. Along the way, there will be delightful entertaining festivities. In the evening, the younger people will perform a special respect to the elders by pouring water onto the hands of their parents and grandparents. The elders in return, bless the youngsters for good luck and prosperity. The festival covers a total of three days. The first day being April 13 or the Grand Songkran Day, the day to mark the end of the old year. The second day being April 14 or Wan Nao, the middle day of fun and entertainment. And the last day being April 15 or Wan Thaloeng Sok, the beginning of the New Year.

Before the actual Songkran Day, purchases of relevant items will be made for the merit making on the next day. Besides, various desserts such as red glutinuous rice and sticky sweets will be made for the same purpose of merit making and for further distribution to all neighbours. On the Grand Songkran Day, prepared food and desserts will be offered to monks according to the tradition.

Also, the most revered Buddha image, "Phra Phutthasihing", will be brought out from the National Museum and placed on a throne. After being part of the procession around this area, "Phra Phutthasihing" will be located at Sanam Luang, opposite the Grand Palace, whereby the people will have a chance of paying respect by sprinkling lustral water over the image.

Moreover, another ritual is to bathe respected monks and pour scented water onto the hands of the respected elders. For the deceased, there will be a religious ceremony to offer merit to the ancestors. In the aftemoon, people will enjoy forming sand pagodas in the temple compound, releasing birds and fish, splashing water on eaCh other and participating in joyful local entertainment.

The Royal Songkran Ceremony

Back in the old days, the Royal Songkran Ceremony in the Grand Palace was organised to expel all evil incidences of the country on the last day of the old year. The main activities would involve a chanting of Buddhist sermons for three evenings and tonsorial ceremony for royal children. Thereafter, the New Year would begin with various prosperous events such as offering food to monks, meditating ceremony, merit making for the ashes of the late kings and royal dignitaries. In the evening, there would be a royal dinner, hosted by the royal family.

At the present time, there is only the Royal Songkran Festival by means ot a Buddhist ceremony. In the moming, the king would offer alms to the invited monks at the Grand Palace, bathe the important Buddha image at Suralaipiman Building, worship Phrasiamthevatirat, bathe the royal ashes and ashes of the highly revered monks, recite sacred Buddhist prayers and offer food to the monks. In the evening, the king would further bathe the Emerald Buddha, and other items worthy of worship in the Temple of the Emerald Buddha and perform other relevant rituals before the end of the ceremony.

Major Songkran Festivals

Chiang Mai Songkran Festival
Being well known as the most favourable festivals of the country, Chiang Mai has organised this festival by dividing the event into three days by naming April 13 as the day marking the end of the old year. The activities involved on this day are to clean up oneself as well as the house and utensils, including bathing the Buddha images at home and at the temple.

April 14 is called Wan Nao, meaning the first day of the new year, whereby preparations for food and desserts will be made for the merit making on the following day .In the evening, there will be a tradition of transporting sand into the temple and later on the formation of sand pagoda will be completed.

On April 15, Wan Thaloeng Sok, or the day marking the new era, the beginning of the New Year starts with early merit making at the temple, offering bowls of rice, flags, and poles and dedication for the soul of the ancestors which in turn will provide blessings and goodness for those undertaking these rituals. In the afternoon, a most traditional ceremony of water bathing over the elders will be conducted.

Moreover, the Chiang Mai local authorities will organise a procession of Phra Phutthasihing a revered Buddha image and of Nang Songkran. Other interesting activities to complete this festival! will include merit making and Buddha image bathing at Wat Phra Singha, local handicraft fair at Tha Phae Gate, worship of King Mahaprom, forming of sand pagodas at Wat Chedi Luang, local typical performances at religious sites and splashing of water on each other allover the city especially at the edge of the Ping River.

Phra Pradaeng Songkran Festival ( Samut Prakan Province )
One of the most reputed festivals of the Thai-Man community, the Phra Pradaeng Songkran Festival normally takes place on Saturday and Sunday after the regular Songkran Festival. Besides the normal rituals of merit f!1aking, Buddha image bathing, and releasing of birds and fish, the Nang Songkran float procession is one of the most spectacular events of this festival. Also, visitors will have the opportunity of experiencing a very unique local game of " Saba ", whereby the participants, both male and female, will dress up in their Thai-Mon costumes. The location of this game is preferable at the ground floor of each home in the area. And for those who are looking for the fun of water splashing, this festival is a must as this actMty is widely practised in almost every comer of the streets in Phra Pradaeng.

Wisut Kasat Road Songkran Festival ( Bangkok )
Being held for over sixty consecutive years, the Wisut Kasat Road Songkran Festival has been organised by the community of Wisut Kasat Road . The celebration of the festival will be conducted for only two days which are April 12 and April 13. Starting frbm April 12, a revered Buddha image will be brought from Wat Trithotsathep by a procession to the festival ground whereby the people will be able to bathe the image for their prosperitY. In the evening, entertainment performances will be organized to commemorate the event. On April 13, monks from various temples will be Invited to receive food offenngs. Also, the highlight of the festival will be the competitions of ladies beautifully dressed at the merit making ceremonies and of Nang Songkran.

Khao San Road Songkran Festival (Bangkok)
Recently organised by the community of Khao San Road, this joyful festival has attracted tremendous amounts of intemational tourists mainly staying on and around the Khao San Road area. The major activities of the festival include merit making, food offering to the monks, Buddha image bathing, local entertainment, traditional performances and the most attracting water splashing tradition which has been freely practised here at this site.

Eastern Region Songkran Festival
The difference of this festivai from the others IS the duration of this festival Which falls around April 16 or Aprit 17-19, and it is known as Wan Lai. One of the most popular welt-known Wan Lai festivals in the eastem region is held at Pattaya, Chon Buri province and Isnormalty organised on April 19 of each year. The major activities wilt include the traditional ceremony of pouring scented water onto the hands of the elders, a Wan Lai procession, and the most entertaining of alt is the water splashing among the Thais, foreign tourists, and the focal people. Moreover, another nearby area is at Bang Saen, Chon Buri. There is another long herd tradition of forming sand pagodas on the Wan Lai, a tradition of the Saen Suk community, foltowed by the regular ritual of inviting monks from every temple in the Saen Suk area for various religious ceremonies such as merit making, Buddha image bathing and later on enjoying focal entertainment.

Loy Krathong

The Loy Krathong festival is held every full moon night of November in the cool season with cloudless sky, when the full moon is supposed to be the most beautiful in the whole year.

The festival is held nationwide to honour the goddess of the river, to thank and apologise to her for the uses and abuses of the waterways by human. A symbolic boat , the krathong in the form of small bowl made of leaves or wax paper containing lighted candles, joss stick, flowers, and some coins, is set afloat in a body of water, preferrably a river. The token boat is mean to be the carrier of offerings to the river goddess. Th the same time, the boat is also supposed to bear away the owner's bad luck and misfortunes

Besides the well-known Loi Krathong Festival, there is another tradition that is based on a similar belief but is celebrated on the full moon night of the eleventh lunar month. Known as the Illuminated Boat Procession , the celebration takes place in the Northeastern provinces of Thailand that is located on the Mekong River. Illuminated boats of approximately 10 - 12 metres long are made from banana stalks or bamboo by villagers. The boats contain sweets, the so-called Khao Tom Mat - stuffed fried sticky rice - and objects to be donated inside, while decorated with flowers, incense sticks, candles, lamps and tinder outside. At present, the boats are created into various shapes such as important places or mythical creatures, which lend a bright and breathtaking sight when the boats illuminated by thousands of lamps are floated onto the river.

Thai holidays

1st January: New Year’s Day .To greet the New Year, a range of uniquely Thai traditional and cultural festivities are held in various parts of the country. As day breaks on the first day of the new year the “welcome the dawn” takes place, the Buddhist merit-making ritual, which is followed by giving alms to the Monks.

12th January: Children's Day

16th January: Teacher's Day

14th February - Valentine’s Day.

Chinese New Year. This is a big event for Thai people, as they have many strong ties to Chinese bloodlines.

Maha Boocha (February or March) celebrates the spontaneous gathering of 1,250 of the Lord Buddha’s disciples.

Chakri Day - On 6 April the founding of the Chakri Dynasty is remembered. King Rama I came to the throne on 6 April 1782. The best known past members of the Chakri dynasty are King Rama IV (King Mongkut), who hired Anna Leonowens to educate his children, and his son King Rama V (King Chualalongkorn), who opened the doors of Siam further to the West. King Rama IX, the present King, is the longest ever reigning monarch in the World. He ascended the throne of Thailand in 1946. On Chakri Day HM the King presides over a Religious Ceremony, in order to pay respect to his predecessors. A ceremony will also take place near Memorial Bridge (close to the flower and vegetable market "Pak Klong Talat"), where a statue of King Rama I has been built.

The highlight has to be ‘Songkran’ – the Thai New Year, from 13th – 15th April. Colourful parades, traditional ceremonies, lots of water and lots of fun. A time for everyone to celebrate a new year and new life.

National Labour Day is on 1st May.

His Majesty’s Coronation in 1946 is celebrated on 5 May.

Royal Ploughing Day. King Bhumibol oversees the ancient Ploughing Ceremony to mark the beginning of the rice-planting season. The ceremony is very important for Thai farmers, because it predicts how much rain will fall and how well the crops will grow. Thousands of farmers come to the Grand Palace to watch.This Ceremony takes place every year in May, on Sanam Luang, the large grass area near the Grand Palace in Bangkok. It marks the beginning of the planting season. It is believed that the amount of rain in the coming season can be predicted from it. Their Majesties the King and Queen are normally present. A "Ploughing Lord" is offered three pieces of cloth of different length. If he chooses the shortest one, rain will be plentiful. The longest one will give very little rain and the intermediate one an intermediate amount of rain. Then the "Ploughing Lord" will plough Sanam Luang with a sacred plough, drawn by white bulls. The bulls are then presented with different kinds of food and drink and whatever they choose to eat or drink is believed to be plentiful that year.


Wisaka Boocha, usually in May, is the holiest Buddhist day, marking the birth, enlightenment, and death of the Buddha. All over the country, people go to temples to listen to sermons by revered monks and make merit. Shortly after sunset, candlelit circumambulations take place around major temples.In July or August, the Asan Boocha observance, honors the Buddha’s first sermon over 2,500 years ago. The full-moon day of the eighth lunar month marks the preaching of Lord Buddha's first sermon to his first five disciples after attaining Enlightenment. In the evening, candlelit processions take place in Buddhist temples around the country.Around this time is Khao Phansa, which is the beginning of the Buddhist Rains Retreat (sometimes called Buddhist Lent), during which monks must remain in their temple-monasteries for the three-month period.

H.M. Queen Sirikit’s Birthday Celebration (Mother's Day), To display their loyalty and to honour Her Majesty Queen Sirikit on the occasion of her royal birthday, the Thai people decorate their houses and public buildings. Around Bangkok, Ratchadamnoen Avenue, the area around the Grand Palace and other well-known locations are bedecked with coloured lights and magnificent adornments.s on 12 August. It is bank holiday in Thailand. Many celebrations in temples. Main celebrations in Bangkok in front of the palace.

Chulalongkorn Day, 23 October, honors one of Thailand’s most revered kings, Rama V.

The end of the Rains Retreat, Ok Phansa in October, is not an official holiday, though there are observances held nationwide.

Loy Krathong (full moon festival) is a very special Thai celebration in early November. Everybody float (lawy) banana-leaf (grà'tong') boats bearing flowers, incense, a candle, and a coin, on lakes and rivers throughout the nation. This results in probably the most beautiful sight you can ever see in Asia or maybe in the World! Many believe their “sins” of the past are floated away. This lovely traditional festival is not an official holiday.
You can make your own Krathong, and float it on the pool or the sea so as not to miss out on any luck!

The 5th of December is the King’s Birthday Celebrations (Father's Day). King Bhumibol Adulyadej, the world's longest reigning monarch, is well beloved and deeply respected by all Thais old and young. The occasion of his royal birthday provides his loyal subjects the opportunity to express their reverence for him. All over the country. buildings and homes are elaborately decorated and the area around the Grand Palace is spectacularly illuminated.

On 10 December Constitution Day marks the foundation of the Constitutional Monarchy in Thailand. This event took place during the reign of King Rama VII (King Prajadhipok) in 1932. Before that Thailand was an Absolute Monarchy, with all power belonging to the King. Constitution Day is a day on which the Thai people express their gratitude to the King.

There are also the traditional Western celebrations for Christmas, closely followed by New Year’s Eve and our Gala Dinner, conducted outside under the stars.

Thailand festivals and events

Thailand has many festivals, and civil and religious celebrations, that are beautiful symbolically and fascinating to witness and participate in. We recommend that you includeThai festivals or holiday in your travel plans. There are many local celebrations upcountry that are well worth attending. Thai festivals are rarely solemn occasions, and few countries celebrate them with so much fun and color. Annual rites and festivities, marking religious devotion or the passage of seasons, have long been an integral part of Thai life.

The main festivals are celebrated nationwide, with the most exuberant activities taking place in Bangkok and other major cities. Each region has its own unique festivals, too. Festival dates can change from year to year as they follow the lunar calendar.

Central Thailand
Every year in March the Temple of the Holy Footprint near Saraburi is flooded with pilgrims for the Phra Phutthabat Fair. The Loy Krathong festival is celebrated magically in the Old Sukhothai where it has originated. The festival is celebrated in honor of the goddess of waterways Mae Kongkha. Late November and early December marks the building of the River Kwai Bridge in Kanchanaburi.

Northern Thailand
Every January Bo Sang holds an Umbrella Fair. Miss Bo Sang is elected during a beauty contest. Chiang Mai Floral Festival is inspired by the blooms of flowers in February. Mae Hong Son comes alive in March during Poi Sang Long Festival with the ceremony of mass ordination for Shan boys.

North-East Thailand
In May the town of Yasothon hosts the Rocket Festival (Bun Bang Fai). The festival is staged to ensure plentiful rains during the rice planting season. In June, the Phi Ta Khon Festival is held in Dan Sai and Loei. Ubon Ratchathani has a Candle festival in July. The national holiday of Ok Phansa (end of rainy season) is celebrated in style at Nakhon Phanom in October with the Illuminated Boat Procession.

Southern Thailand
Phuket Vegetarian Festivale in September is a great spectacle for nine days. The festival marks the start of Taoist Lent celebrated by Chinese people. Week-long Narathiwat Fair features races between fishing boats.

Bangkok
The main celebrations for the nationwide festivals and events take place in the capital. Festivities for Songkran, Visakha Bucha, The Royal Plowing Ceremony, The Golden Mount Fair and King's birthday are staged in there.

Thailand attractions

Throughout more than 700 years of independence, Thailand has displayed an amazing continuity, preserving its heritage to the extent that enduring traditions exemplify a quintessential 'Thainess' which indelibly colours the Kingdom.

Fundamental to that quality of 'Thainess' is an adherence to Theravada Buddhism, which promotes peaceful an harmonious living, and a devotion to the constitutional monarchy, which strengthens traditions and time-honoured values, not least being a belief in personal freedoms and a pronounced sense of hospitality. This, coupled with a democratic government and political stability, make Thailand not only a hospitable environment, but also a safe one where you can readily feel secure and ' at ease.

Such blessed attributes ensure a social and cultural environment in which the quality of life is high, while another endearing Thai trait, that of "sanuk", promises a happy approach to life. Translating as 'fun' or 'having a good time', "sanuk" is ingrained in the culture and most obviously manifest in the joyous celebration of festivals, although it also pervades daily life in which a pleasant, easy-going attitude prevails.

Moreover, it is the enduring quality of national characteristics that allow the Thais' the ability to embrace today's world, with all its modem comforts, while at the same time preserving their cultural heritage. This allows for a rare appreciation of history.

As a sovereign state, the country has a glorious and eventful past stretching back over more than seven hundred years. Before that, the Khmer, the Mons and other early kingdoms, as well as prehistoric civilizations, helped shape the land that was to become Thailand and set patterns to which the Thais became the cultural heirs. Evidence of this intriguing past is readily apparent, not simply in museums, although these are excellent, but in numerous well-preserved historical sites.

Just a short distance west of Bangkok , for example, stands Phra Fathom Chedi, the world's tallest Buddhist monument built on the site of an ancient Mon capital that was one of the earliest centres of Buddhist learning in the region. By contrast, Northeast Thailand offers a glimpse of Khmer civilization which, from its base at Angkor in Cambodia, held sway over the area from around the 10th to the 13th century. Vivid example of this major cultural influence are found in several magnificent temple ruins, such as Phimai and Phanom Rung, which,show the architectural genius of the Khmer. Also in the Northeast are the prehistoric remains of Ban Chiang, a Bronze Age Culture that dates back to 3600 BC.

Moving into the realm of recorded history, the achievements of the Thais can be seen in the remains of numerous ancient cities now preserved as historical parks. Supreme among these are Sukhothai, the Kingdom's first capital founded in the 13th century, and Ayutthaya which was the nation's glorious power centre for more than four years until its eclipse in 1767. Fittingly both these cities are now designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Bangkok may lack the big theatres and galleries of major American or European cities, but there is still plenty of entertainment choices, both traditional and modem, Thai and Western.

The classic Thai entertainment is dance drama, ,performances of which are staged at the National Theatre ( Chao Fa Road , Tel: 02224 1342), while excerpts, along with other traditional and folk dance forms, are featured in the cultural shows offered by various Thai restaurants. The major style of dance is Khon, a masked drama in which the performers, all gorgeously costumed, use graceful, sinuous body and hand movements to express both emotions and actions in the telling of the Ramakian, a moral epic. Classical Thai music accompanies the mute performances, which in their kaleidoscope of colour and movement present an unforgettable spectacle.

:Other traditional entertainments are shadow and string puppet shows, which also relate classic tales. In Bangkok the principal showcase for puppets is the Joe Louis Theatre at Suan Lum Night Bazaar on Wireless Road. Nor is modem and experimental drama overlooked and while these are not regular offerings, there are frequent performances by various drama companies, one of the most active being the Patravadi Theatre (69/1 Soi Wat Rakhang, Arun Amarin, Siriraj, Thon Buri, Bangkok , Tel: 0 2412 7287).

The principle venue for concerts, ballets and other performances, by Asian and Western companies of international renown, is the Thailand Cultural Centre (Ratchadaphisek Road, Tel: 0 2245 7711). Additionally, leading Bangkok hotels quite often host theatre-dinner shows stage by international performers. Bangkok further boasts a vibrant modem art scene, and numerous Bangkok galleries have constantly changing exhibitions of leading and up-and-coming contemporary Thai and other Southeast Asian artists.

Koh Chang Tours

Part of the charm of Koh Chang is the relaxed atmosphere and traditional lifestyle which still carries on. Guests can enjoy a feeling of how the local people live and the area's scenic natural beauty.

All island tour

All island tours, stop at a Chinese style temple, Chao Po Koh Chang or the Godfather of Koh Chang in the north of the island which has particular significance for the inhabitants of the island.

The east of the island should also be visited, it has dramatic rocky beaches rather than the white sands of its western counterparts. Here, there is little development and life continues on the island much as it has for decades, with people living from fishing and small scale farming. Fruit bushes laiden with rambattans, for which the province is famous, bloom at the roadside in season. In the far south, a fishing village, Salak Phet, is nestled in the mangrove with boats lined up waiting to go out to sea and others awaiting repair. Everywhere there is the rhythmic sound of hammering, as essential work is carried out on the boats. Aboard small crafts, women deftly repair the nets, whilst the men store the fish traps on the jettys for use the next day.

A short distance away as the crow flies is Bang Bao, a photogenic fishing village built on stilts and extending out over the water. This can be reached from the western side of the island with a roller coaster of a drive with dramatic views down the shear drop at the side of the road to the beach below.

An island tour could also include a stop at one of the island's waterfalls, with a chance to have a swim and cool down.

Half Day Tours

A great way to explore the interior of the island is by the I island's namesake, a "chang" or I elephant. Actually, the island I was so named because of its shape, and elephants are not ingenious and have, infact, only been recently brought to the island. Nevertheless, it is a pleasant way to spend an hour or two and there is a choice of two starting points for treks. One which takes you through a rubber plantation and into a pomello orchard and the second route is longer and takes you into an inland valley and waterfall in the north of the island.

Bang Bao is the best place on the island to enjoy seafood, with a great selection in the restaurants, which has been freshly caughf that day. The rest~urants also have large tanks as you walk in, filled with different types of live crab, king prawns and other crustacians for you to select. It's a relaxed place to enjoy simple but delicious cuisine and watch the breeze gently blow through the homemade shell mobiles, which are hung from the wooden beams of the restaurants.

Trekking on Foot

Treks of varying lengths and difficulty and be arranged into the rain forest in the island's tropical interior with a local guide.

Island Hopping and Snorkeling

The many small islands surrounding Koh Chang provide many opportunities for a variety of boat trips to different white sand beaches for picnics and snorkeling. Highlights could include a stop a "Koh Nok" or "Bird Island" which has wonderful coloured corals in very shallow waters

Koh Chang Eco Travel

Pristine rain forest covers most of Koh Chang" making the island an eco paradise. The island appears very mountainous from the shore, with the highest peak, Khao Salak Phet (744 meters), in the middle of the island. The rocks are mainly granite and the slopes are rounded rather than sheer cliffs, so that trekking is possible. Mangroves and beach forest line the shores, and the whole island supports a huge diversity of wildlife, including macaques, monitor lizards, pythons an'd barking deer. White-winged terns, night jars and several species of hornbill are some of the indigenous birds and many others migrate here.

Hiking Trails

Koh Chang offers scenic hiking trails that take just a few hours, particularly from Kh/ong Son to Hat Sa; Khao (white Sand Beach) and from there to Hat Khlong Prao. In the south, the harder and longer Kai Bae - Bang Baa trail is a challenging experience and passes through shady rubber and coconut plantations.

Elephant trekking

There are two different elephant treks to try in Koh Chang. The Chang Chutiman company between Klong Prao and Kai Bae has a choice of one or two and a half hour treks which go into a pomello orchard, and then for the longer trek, into the National Park's tropical rain forest to a- waterfall. The Ban Kwan Chang elephant camp in the north of Koh Chang is supported by the Asian Elephant Foundation. There are half day tours, which last from 8:30 am to 11 :30 pm and include a one and a half hour trek into the forest, an elephant show and a chance to watch the animals bath and feed

Koh Chang Waterfalls

Than Mayom Waterfall

This is probably the most famous waterfall on the island, near the Than Mayom pier of the east coast of the island and near the Koh Chang Marine National Park Office. A pathway of about 400m, leads through a durian orchard, to the waterfall. The waterfall is medium sized, with four levels and a large pool at the front. Visitors mostly do not go to the fourth level which is quite far and used as a source of drinking water by the locals. Swimming is allowed at the waterfall and watching sunrise from here can be a real treat.

The three-step Than Mayom Falls, the first of which is less than an hour's walk from Tha Than Mayom, is well worth hiking to. Rocks on the first and third steps bear the engraved initials of Kings Rama VI and Rama VII, and Rama V respectively.

Nang Yom Waterfall

Nang Yom is a small-sized waterfall - You can get there by following a path from Ban the Koh Chang sub-district police station and the trail is long.

Klong Plu Waterfall

This is the most popular and frequently visited of the waterfalls as it is close to both Klang Prao and Kai Bae beaches. It is about a 20 minute hike to the waterfall which is on 3 levels. Most visitors stay on the 1 st level as the 10 metre fall here is already an impressive site and it is quite a slippery climb to get up to the other two levels. The most beautiful spot is up at the top, where there's a large pool for visitors to cool down by taking a dip.

Khiri Phet Waterfall

This medium sized waterfall is about 2 kms from the Salak Phet community, in the south of Koh Chang. During wet season the fall can look as if it is a two-storey waterfall of about 5 meters high, but in the dry season you can climb up to the 7th level. There is water in the falls all year round and a pool to swim .in at the first level.

Klong Nueng Waterfall

Not far from Khiri Phet, this Is the tallest in Koh Chang and an excellent place to take a dip in the chest deep pool, once you have made the hour's hike there. You have to climb across a huge boulder, which blocks the trail, to see the sight of the water cascading down the ravine.

Khlong Nonsi Waterfall

Situated in the north of Ko Chang, you have to pass through Ban Dan Mai, rubber plantations and orchards to reach this small waterfall. Visiting this crystalline cascade is not recommended during the hot season when it dries up.

Travel news - Beaches Weekend on Ko Chang

Weekend on Ko Chang

Before rainy season arrives, Ko Chang, off the eastern province of Trat in the Gulf of Thailand, is an island I chose to visit recently. It is quite a long way from Bangkok for a weekend trip but having settled for a tight schedule I watched from my ferry with a sense of anticipation as the majestic view of the island appeared in sight.

'Want to see corals?", asked the boatman as I arrived at a makeshift table used as a tour counter on Kai Bae Beach, Ko Chang.

I nodded. He disappeared and in a minute returned with an outrageously bright orange seafan in his hand.

"It got hooked to the anchor," he said.

I did not expect to spot marine life so soon. I hadn't even got on the boat yet. But I didn't want to see a dead specimen, either. I'd rather see it in the blue water below, even though knowing that it would be almost impossible because I wasn't into scuba diving.

Frankly, I did not anticipate seeing corals so soon.

I knew his intentions were good as he wanted to show me the seafan that inadvertently got caught in the anchor of his boat. I wondered if he cared about corals and other forms of marine lives on which tourism and his livelihood depended, if they were gone tomorrow.

Before rainy season arrives, Ko Chang, off the eastern province of Trat in the Gulf of Thailand, is an island I chose to visit recently. It is quite a long way from Bangkok for a weekend trip but having settled for a tight schedule I watched from my ferry with a sense of anticipation as the majestic view of the island appeared in sight.

I had taken the ferry from Laem Ngob pier in Trat. After the festive season, this holiday island was not only peaceful when I landed at Khlong Phrao Beach, but it was also a wonderful day. February is the perfect month when you can easily rule out any chances of rain. I took note of a new property, Aana Resort, near the beach.

Ko Chang is second to Phuket in size. It is approximately 30 kilometres long and 14 kilometres wide. Numerous beaches and coves line its west coast. My favourite beach is Khlong Phrao as it is more peaceful and less developed. It has an emerald-coloured stream running down the mountains. The stream splits at a certain point dividing the beach into two sections. These days new resorts, both luxurious and simple, are rising fast to cope with the rise in number of visitors travelling to Ko Chang.

On the day I arrived the island seemed busy with tourists of every nationality. A lot many of of them perhaps ran away from freezing temperatures back home to enjoy a cheerful and warm sunny holiday here.

Fascinating beaches, clean water, abundant greenery and total peace were all there for the taking. For an easy outing, the nearby islands of Ko Yuak and Ko Suwan are only a whisker away by speed boat.

"Don't forget to bring bread to feed fish," advised the boatman as we waited for others to join us on Kai Bae Beach. My friend disappeared and was back in quick time with a loaf of bread.

At a secluded part of Ko Yuak, we swam and fed the marine creatures until we ran out of bread. It was fun for adults as well as kids. The beach was clean and the sea had a rich greenish blue tinge. Whenever we slipped in water, a large school of tiger-striped fish appeared apparently looking for food. This I was told had become a habit for fish inhabiting this section of the island. Kids marvelled at coming in contact with the fish as they nibbled away at their exposed skin.

After Ko Yuak, Ko Suwan was a disappointment as underwater corals there were in quick decline. I could spot brown patches of sea anemone minus the clown fish. Perhaps they had been snared and sent to aquariums. Visibility underwater was poor and I could see only a few coral formations around Ko Suwan.

After feeding the fish, snorkelling, swimming and basking in the sun, we were delivered back to our resort. I spent the rest of the day visiting the fishing village of Bangbao, where there are several eateries serving delicious food.

The pier appeared less hectic this afternoon as tour boats that had taken other visitors out snorkelling hadn't returned yet. I noticed there were several tour companies offering boat service to nearby islands, such as Ko Wai, Ko Yak and other snorkelling havens.

TRAVEL TIPS

Ko Chang is off Trat. Regular air-conditioned buses leave Ekamai Eastern Bus Terminal regularly everyday. It takes six hours to reach Trat, where travellers can take a mini bus to a pier in Laem Ngob District. Otherwise, travellers can take a van from Khao San area. The van stop (038-651-461) is near Wiang Tai Hotel. The one-way fare is 250 baht, inclusive of ferry service. Apart from the one at Laem Ngob, there are other ferry operators: Ferry Ko Chang, Ko Chang Ferry and Ko Chang Centre Point Ferry. Motorists can drive to the Laem Ngob pier and take the ferry to Ko Chang.

Make sure you leave Bangkok early to be there in time to catch the ferry, the last of which departs 7pm, but only on weekends.

Several resorts and bungalows are located on Ko Chang's western coast. The island is so huge that you cannot walk from one beach to another and explore all of them in one go. Ask yourself which beach you prefer to see and proceed there. If you can do more, consider it a bonus.

Ko Yuak and Ko Suwan are short distance from Ko Chang, ideal for a jaunt, where you can swim, snorkel, feed fish or just relax on the beach. The boat ride costs 500 baht per person, depending on number of people. Visitors can contact their resort for more information.

Alternatively, a full-day island excursion is available at Bangbao pier on the southern tip of Ko Chang. The boat departs Bangbao at 9am and returns at 5pm. The trip includes drinks and lunch and snorkelling around Ko Wai and Ko Ngam. Tickets can be bought at the pier.
Bangkok Post February 06 www.bangkokpost.com

Koh Chang Attractions

Chao Po Koh Chang
(the Godfather of Koh Chang)

This Chinese style shrine in the north of the island, with two huge elephants guarding the entrance, has been a saviour to the Khon Kard for generations.

Throughout the history of the island, when the fishermen found themselves facing a strong monsoon or a poor harvest, they would seek guidance from the Chao Po Koh Chang. Island folklore records amazing stories of answered prayers when people have asked for help at the shrine.

Ban Salak Phet and Ban Rong Than

These fishing villages are located on the southwest of Ko Chang. Secluded Salak Phet has long provided a shelter for storm-lashed fishing boats to batten down their hatches. Nowadays, the village is popular for its abundance of fresh seafood and home-stay accommodation, where visitors can get a real feel for living (and fishing) like a local. It's also possible to charter inexpensive boats to go out exploring or snorkeling.

Bang Bao Fishing Village

This is an atmospheric village built on wooden stilts jutting up out of the sea. All the houses are connected by wooden walkways. The fisher folks' lifestyle and all the succulent seafood are two lures for tourists. Nowadays, you can really wade in for some cultural immersion by booking a home-stay with the villagers. Another bonus is chartering a vessel to cruise around the archipelago.

Ao Bai Lan

Next to Hat Kai Bae, about 1 km. if you take the bike trail winding along under cliffs and mountains, this bay offers some fantastic scenery. Ao Bai Lan is also an ideal place for getting some peace and tranquility. If you're looking for more affordable accommodation, this is the place for you.

Naval Battleground

Situated on the south of Ko Chang near Ao Salak Phet is the Naval Battleground. On 17 January, 1941, the Thai and French navies battled over a border dispute. Even today, there are buoys showing the position of the sunken Royal Thai Navy's ships. Each year, during the festival to commemorate the Thai victory, government agencies make religious merit by floating garlands on the sea in honour of those who perished during the battle.

A museum has been built on Laem Ngnob Beach, on the mainland, with an exhibition of Koh Chang's naval history on display. On top of the building is a statue of Krom Luang Chumpon Khet Udomsak, a key figure in the battle, with his face turned to look at Koh Chang. Every year, the people of Trat province hold memorial services from the 17th to 21 st of January, floating garlands in the sea, to honour those who perished. The actual battle was near Ao Salak Petch and the wreck is now a popular dive site.

Koh Chang travel guide

Only 360 kilometres from Bangkok, Koh Chang is an island paradise with pristine forests and rich marine life. The largest of 47 islands off the coast of Trat province, its seeming inaccessibility means that the island has been largely overlooked by visitors, making it a true island get- away. However, an excellent road from Bangkok and a new flight to Trat airport, have meant that the destination is now starting to get the attention that it deserves.

Largely untouched, Koh Chang is an unsophisticated island which remains unaffected by the modern world. The original inhabitants of Koh Chang (Khon Kard) still live traditionally, surviving mainly from an income of fishing, supplemented by growing fruit and rubber. There are still fishing communities on the island where rain or shine the fisherman take the boats out. At night you can see the lights on the horizon from the fishing boats catching squid.

Mountainous Koh Chang has an undisturbed interior of dense tropical rain forest, home to many species including macaque monkeys, barking deer and wild pig. Trekkers can also expect to see more than 70 species of birds. Koh Chang and the islands in this chain were awarded Marine National Park status in 1982 to ensure that this pristine environment is preserved.

More than 70 percent of the mountainous island is still covered by rainforest, and there are many secluded beaches, complete with that vital tropical isle trinity of white sand, palm trees, and warm blue water, where you can really get away from it all and leave your troubles on the mainland.

Wealthy with greenery, wildlife, and marine creatures, its most scenic beaches are located along its western flank. Moving from north to south, the beaches are generally more secluded, less crowded and pricey, with the aforementioned Diamond Sand towards the northern tip, and Hat Khlong Phrao and Hat Kai Bae, in the middle. Further south is a lively backpacker's enclave at Lonely Beach, or Hat Tha Nam, where you can stay in a tree house.

Koh Chang has always been a favourite get-away for Thai people. Lush and mountainous, this quiet island, full of natural treasures is a jewel just waiting to be discovered.

Many of the bungalow operations around Hat Sai Khao and Hat Kai Bae have kayaks, boogie boards and mountain bikes for rent. Booking a day trip, or an overnighter, to nearby islands is another attractive option.

Whilst exploring the jungle is a possibility, the less energetic who simply want to relax on the beach won't be disappointed! The whole of the western side of the island has beautiful white sand beaches.

Koh Samui Temples

Wat Phra Yai and Big Buddha

This temple is the home of Koh Samui's most famous landmark the Big Buddha. Most Visitors come to marvel at the sheer size and beauty of this remarkable statue at some point during their holiday. Visible from several kilometers away and even from the air when arriving on or leaving the island , the 12 meter tall golden image stands proud.

At the base of the structure, several shops and restaurants cater to the needs of devotees and tourists alike. Wat Phra Yai is in the Northeast of Samui on route 4171

Kunaram Temple - Mummified Monk

The body of Samui's most famous mummified monk, Loung Pordaeng, is on display here in a specially constructed building. When he died more than 20 years ago, he was sitting in a meditation position. He is still in that same position and his body shows few signs of any major decay. Wat Khunaram is on the 4169 ring-road between the Na Muang waterfalls and Hua Thanon.

Diving Koh Samui

With such clear waters and an abundance of marine life, water sports are very popular on Samui, and the king of these sports is diving. Around a dozen dive companies based on the island offer a chance for experienced divers to join them and for beginners to learn how to dive which can be arranged through the hotels and guest houses.

If diving sounds a bit too much of a challenge, then snorkeling is a good second best. Join a trip to one of the nearby coral reefs, put on a mask, a snorkel and fins, then float above the reefs and marvel at the varied shapes and colours of the fish.

If you'd rather keep your head above water, then maybe sea kayaking is the sport for you. Once you've mastered how to propel this small light craft, you can explore the shoreline in perfect peace.

For a bit more of a thrill, try windsurfing jetskiing or paragliding, and feel the tropica1 breeze in your hair. Hotel and guest house owners can give you more information about your choosen sport. If you're water shy, just hang around the beach in the evening and join in one of the spontaneous games of beach volleyball that are so popular, or even 'Takro' a Thai game of skill that is something like playing volleyball with the feet. If exploring the island's interior sounds like a fun, hire a 4WD vehicle and try your hand at off-road driving on the bumpy trails leading to the highlands.

Koh Samui Attractions

Hin Ta and Hin Yai

Meaning 'Grandfather and Grandmother Rocks', these unusual rock formations, named for their similarity to the sexual organs, can be found at the south end of Hat Lamai, are one of Koh Samui's most photographed features.

Na Thong

This is the island's main town and port, situated on the west coast, and is constantly bustling with visitors arriving and departing. It is the place to go shopping for beach gear, extending visas or just watch the port activities from a street cafe.

Namtok Na Mueang

There are two levels to this attractive waterfall, which tumbles down out of the highlands. The nearest one to the road has about a 20-metre- drop and refreshing pool to cool off in. A steep side road leads to the higher level, which is even more impressive, and where elephant treks are also possible.

Samui Butterfly Garden

Set on a gentle slope in the southeast corner of the island, the garden contains a wide range of bright and unusual flowers, above which flit hundreds of butterflies, creating a captivating environment beneath meshed nets. The garden also features a display of insects, moths and some beehives.

Monkey Shows

The monkeys' famed ability as coconut collec tors once formed the basis of Samui's economy, and at the shows their skills are displayed for all to see.

Snake Show

For anyone fascinated by snakes, a visit to one of the island's snake shows is a must. The fearless handlers play with deadly species, and offer visitors the chance to get up close and touch their slithery skin.

Koh Samui beaches

Hat Chaweng

Situated on Sanui's east coast, this is Sanui's longest and most beautiful beach, a 6km strip of powder-soft sand fronted by crystal-clear water. It also has the Island 's largest concentration of accommodation, ranging from five-star resort to simple bamboo bungalows. Hat Chaweng is the centre for water sport activities like windsurfing and jetskiing in the day, and it has a great social scene at night, when the dance halls pulsate to the latest rhythms.

Hat Maenam, Hat Bophut and Hat Bang Rak

These are all located along the north coast , and ideal places for those who want to get away from it all. Bang Rak is often called ' Big Buddha Beach ' because of the huge Buddha image at the eastern end of the beach that looks particularly impressive at sunset.

Hat Lamai

Also on the east coast, 'just south of Hat Chaweng, Hat Lamai attracts surfers to its play- ful waters, which run a little deeper than at Hat Chaweng. Behind the beach there are several spas, where visitors can treat themselves to an herbal sauna, a relaxing'Thai massage, or even a mud facial.

South and West Coast Beaches

Even more isolated than the north coast beaches, those on the south and west coasts are not linked by the island's ring road, though access is easy enough for anyone curious to take a look. At Laem Set in the south, the sea is too shallow for swimming, but the huge smooth boulders on the beach and coconut palms leaning over at impossible angles give it a special feel. In the island's south- west, Hat Taling Ngam may not be quite as perfect as Hat Chaweng, but has a long strip of sand that is often deserted and makes an ideal spot for a beach ramble. At the northern end of the bay, the luxurious Ban Taling Ngam Resort has several swimming pools and villas set on a hill with great views of the beach.

About Mrigadayavan Palace in Cha Am

Royal heritage

Mrigadayavan Palace was King Vajiravudh's summer residence in Cha Am.

There is more to the sleepy town of Cha-am than meets the eye. International golf courses and beaches aside - the elegant Mrigadayavan Palace and its surrounding mangrove nature trail has become increasingly popular among visitors.

The Mrigadayavan, King Vajiravudh's summer palace was built in 1924, offers guests a rare insight - through a photo exhibition - into the king's love and care for Queen Indrasakdi Sachi while she was pregnant. Expecting an heir to the throne, he is said to have taken good care of her during her pregnancy which unfortunately ended in a miscarriage.

The king nevertheless had a daughter, Princess Bejaratana, through his royal consort Phra Nang Chao Suvadhana just one day before his death.

Soon afterwards it became known as palace of love and hope. The palace takes its name from its location: there is a stream that attracts wild animals, especially deer. Mrigadayavan means deer forest. It's the same name as the forest where Buddha preached his first sermon.

Documents adorning the walls tell how the king himself designed the palace. Later he assigned an Italian architect, Ercole Manfredi who at the time was an employee of the Civil Works Department, to put the final touches to his initial blueprint. Still, the architecture is distinctly Western. King Rama V ruled from 1868-1910.

One of the many photos gracing the royal gallery at the former summer palace.		A modest catch, but enough for a meal, this fisherman seems to be hinting.
This wooden walkway leads visitors through a lush mangrove forest.		The stylish `Merchant of Venice Garden' is an excellent spot to unwind.

Walking through the mammoth property is no easy feat as it constitutes of 16 golden teak buildings divided into three groups, each connected by verandas built on stilts. It is worth noting that the high ceilings and fretwork on all walls facilitate ventilation so visitors can enjoy the sea breeze.

The palace is a two-storeyed wooden edifice arranged in a rectangular layout. It features a hall for organising meetings, events, and performances.A spiral staircase takes visitors to the upper floor. In the southern part of the compound, there is a balcony with a stage. A stroll through this area made me think of the times when it was used to regale the monarch with music and classical dance.

The actual residence of King Vajiravudh is linked with a cluster of buildings called Samudrabiman. It has a bed chamber, a bathroom, working rooms, a dining room, and quarters for senior court officials. The residence of Queen Indrasakdi was in a building close by so that the King could look after her during her pregnancy. It is interesting to observe that these buildings were connected to beachfront bathing pavilions via corridors.

In the compound's south was the residence of another royal consort - Phra Sucharitsuda. Called the Bisansagara zone, this area was restricted to women. It has a living room, a bedroom, a dressing room, a bathroom and a verandah, with a corridor leading to another beachfront bathing pavilion parallel to those already mentioned.

Mrigadayavan Palace is indeed a masterpiece left by King Vajiravudh to his people.

A short walk from the palace is a mangrove nature trail that has lately become popular among bikers and trekkers. The best time for the twin activities is morning or in the evening. While the mangrove is large, there is a section where Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn planted tress on August 17, 1994. They have grown to full size and helped restore the ecosystem and deteriorating soil in the forest. This section also serves as a recreation ground for visiting tourists.

Mrigadayavan Palace sits in the compound of Special Training Division, Rama VI Camp. It is open daily from 8:30am to 4pm. The camp's phone number is 66-03-247-1388. For further information, call the Tourism Authority of Thailand's Central Region IV office at 66-03-247-1005/6. Bangkok Post

Thailand money

Business Hours:

Most commercial concerns in Bangkok operate on a five-day week, usually from 8 am to 5 pm. Many stores open seven days a week from 10 am to 10 pm. Government offices are generally open between 8.30 am and 4.30 pm with a noon to 1 pm lunch break, Monday to Friday except on public holidays. Banks are open Mondays to Fridays from 9.30 am to 3.30 pm except on public holidays.


Currency and Currency exchange :

The thai unit of currency is the baht 1 baht is divided into 100 satang. Note are in denominations of 1,000 (brown), 500 (purple), 100 (red), 50 (blue), 20 (green) and 10 (brown) baht. Coins consist of 25 satang, 50 satang, 1 baht, 5 baht and 10 baht.

Major currency bills and travellers cheques are cashed easily at hotels, tourist shops, all provincial banks, shopping centres and money changers.Travellers cheques are best changed in banks (you will need your passport). Rates of exchange at banks or authorised money changers are better than those at hotels and department stores.

Any amount of foreign currency may be brought into the country. Visitors may take foreign currency out of Thailand, but no more than the amount stated in the customs declaration made on arrival. Travellers leaving Thailand may take out no more than 50,000 baht per person in Thai currency.

Credit Cards:

Credit cards are widely accepted. For lost cards :
American Express Tel : 0 2273 5100 or 0 2273 0022
Diners Club Tel : 0 2238 2920 or 0 2238 2680
Master Card Tel : 0 2256 7326-7
Visa Tel : 0 2256 7326-7

Tipping :

Tipping is not a usual practice in Thailand although it is becoming more common. Most hotels and restaurants add a 10% service charge to the bill. Taxi drivers do not require a tip, but the gesture is appreciated and 10-20 baht is acceptable for porters.

Bargaining :

Fixed prices are the norm in department stores, but at most other places bargaining is to be expected. Generally, you can obtain a final figure of between 10-40% lower than the original asking price. Much depends on your skills and the shopkeeper's mood. But remember, Thais appreciate good manners and a sense of humor. With patience and a broad smile, you will not only get a better price, you will also enjoy shopping as an art.

Thailand tours / trips

Thailand's tourism industry has come a long way since it started with the Royal Retreat at Hua Hin southwest of Bangkok and Chiang Mai in the North. In the late 60's and early 70's Pattaya emerged as Asia's most popular beach destination. Then Phuket appeared on the tourism map in the late 70's. Samui Island joined the growing list of destinations. Meanwhile Bangkok, Ayutthaya and Sukhothai grew more popular for their historical attractions.

The most practical way to explore Thailand is to join a tour, where you get to visit the best attractions in a day or two without any hassle. We offer extensive information on sightseeing tours, excursions, cooking class, adventure tours, walks and guide services. Make the most of your vacation time and experience unforgettable Thailand.

Travel news - Beaches and islands in Thailand

Azure allure

The islands off Trang promise some of the most stunning holiday experiences. Unfortunately, some people may not have discovered the beauty of Ko Rok, the outermost island, and its neighbouring islets.

Ko Rok, an island of Lanta National Park, has slipped through many tourist's itineraries as it is not on the Phuket or Krabi routes. Unless travellers make their way to Lanta island or use Trang as a base, Ko Rok is a paradise, three hours by boat from Pak Meng Pier in Trang.

A delay resulting from road travel from Bangkok has disrupted our schedule. Instead of setting off from Pak Meng Pier early in the morning, we were not able to go on the boat until 11am. Consequently our planned stops at snorkelling points had to be cut down to only a few. Cruising at a slow speed of 15 to 20 kilometres an hour, the converted fishing boat has taken us on sun-hazed waters past inviting small islands.

On the right it's Ko Lanta that has been booming in recent years, said a boatman. On the far left is Ko Libong. We will cruise by Ko Waen, Ko Muk, Ko Ma, Ko Kradan.

Limestone rocks of imaginative shapes rise from the deep blue sea. They have a covering of lush wooded trees that call to mind fur coats. Whipped by all-year-round rainfall and ocean moisture, each island is like a miniature rainforest.

After passing by several islands, we could spot Ko Rok's hazy outline on the horizon. In an hour or so we were close enough to distinguish Ko Rok's two islets: Ko Rok Nok and Ko Rok Nai, which are separated by a narrow channel. The former has tourist facilities provided by the park unit, the latter is uninhabited. The names of the islets are quite confusing. Ko Rok Nok, which means outer island of Rok, is the one closer to the mainland, while Ko Rok Nai (inner island of Rok) is located farther out.

After lunch on board, tourists were able to take the first snorkel dive around 3pm off Ko Rok Nok, the boat delivering us to the beach. It was just 200 metres to the beach but our steersman, without any navigational tools, unfortunately got his converted fishing boat stuck on a coral. It could not go anywhere. Park officials came to the rescue, bringing us to the beach on a dinghy. The boat was not damaged but a coral could be. After two failed tugging attempts by another fishing vessel, the boatman decided to just wait for rising tide in the evening.

Ko Rok boasts a magnificent sunset as the natural show can be watched between two islets. I was staggering on the soft sand strip that runs from east to west for about 200 metres on Ko Rok Nok. The west end of Ko Rok Nai is just a few hundred metres from Ko Rok Nok. The sea in the channel has a gradual colour range, from turquoise through to light blue then azure. A few yachts dock overnight in the little channel, enjoying the picturesque sunsets.

I sauntered on the sandy beach from east to west, enjoying the graceful tranquillity and fresh air, with the picturesque islets as a backdrop. Hermit crabs were everywhere. These days the once-proliferating hermit crabs are vanishing from Thailand's beaches as a result of overexploited tourism. The seashell trade is also to blame, depriving the creatures of temporary shelter. Today the sight of hermit crabs is a delightful welcome.

Hermit crabs are active during the daylight hours. When I came across the crabs at night, they were pretty slow. Evening activities here include walks along the beach to explore crabs and hermit crabs. It was dark and we were told to be careful not to step on them.

On Ko Rok Nok, where a forestry unit office is located, a limited number of park lodges are available, but most travellers prefer to sleep in tents. Regretfully, the island is marred by poor management and a lack of care. The young, energetic chief appears not to be fully at work when a tourist asks for the park information. We ended up having to consult a park brochure after all inquiries were not adequately answered.

Before midnight a rainstorm whipped and shook our tent which had been provided by a local tour operator. For half an hour rains pounded and the balmy April night was relieved. This morning we were to decide if we would extend our stay one more night on the island.

The tap water came to a stop. The island has a freshwater well. To bring forth the water fuel is needed. But today the unit ran out of fuel. Our tour operator said we should leave the island today.

Ko Rok Nok has a 1.05 kilometres Samet Daeng Nature Trail. A 20-minute climb along a leafy, steep, paved trail brings us up to a vantage point on the west of the island. The park has put a safety rope on the rim of the trail. Beyond it is a sheer cliff that runs vertically down to the watery realm. My companion's GPS roughly calculated that we were about 91 metres above sea level. This is a sunset viewpoint. I found, however, another ideal time to go up here is between 11am to noon on a sunny day because you can see the watery realm in fascinatingly deep blue. Travellers can walk down in a circular route.

After breakfast we had a brief moment to dive nearby and found plentiful clown fish and anemones. Then the boat was ready to leave for the various snorkelling spots.

Today we were delivered to the point northwest off the island. Around half of the hard corals we spotted were in deteriorating condition. Fine spined corals and lettuce corals predominate. When the boat moved ashore to Ko Rok Nai, the beach was found to have such stunningly clear water that every one could not help dipping themselves in as long as they could. Time flew as we had to leave the most dazzling beach.

In the afternoon we eventually left Ko Rok. In the itinerary the boat stopped at a snorkelling point off Ko Kradan and next off Ko Ma. Translucent soft corals in various hues of red, pink and white thrive on a slope under the shade of the rocks. Low tide nearly exposed the corals to the air. We swam by cautiously so as not to bump into rocks and these fragile creatures. But a few of branches had been found knocked down on the seabed.

Soon the boat had to turn back. It cruised past Ko Ngai and veered east to Pak Meng. The easterly wind grew fiercer and waves surged against the bow. Cool sprays of salty sea water soaked passengers on board in the warm sun of the late afternoon. In the next hour the shoreline grew clearer. I looked back and found all other islands blurred in low dim light. At this point Ko Rok was no longer visible.

MORE INFO

You have a short period left to get to Ko Rok this year. Like other Andaman islands, Ko Rok is best visited from November to April. The latest time you can go is early May but the sea cannot be assured of 100% monsoon-free. Otherwise, better wait until November.

Ko Rok is 45 kilometres from Trang's Pak Meng Pier and 30 kilometres from Ko Lanta. It takes three hours to get there from Pak Meng by boat. There is no regular boat unless travellers buy a day trip by speedboat from Ko Lanta. The tour costs around 1,200-1,400 baht per person. Contact your resort.

Another option is making a group arrangement of over 10 people and contact a local tour operator in Trang. A two-day trip can be priced at around 2,200 baht per person including, boat, four meals, drinking water, snorkelling gears and tent for twin-sharing basis. This does not include national park fees ( 40 baht for a Thai national and 400 baht for sforeigner). For more details, call 084-399-0574, 086-887-3998, see http://www.nemotour.com.

From Bangkok, buses depart to Trang daily from the Southern Bus Terminal. Avoid Sapphraisan Tour Bus during crowded and festive periods as poor management can result in great delays. The bus I took broke down on the way.

Safer is train travel, which leaves Hua Lumphong Railway Station daily.

Nok Air flies to Trang daily. On the way back to Bangkok, travellers can opt to fly inexpensive Air Asia or One-Two-Go from Krabi, which is two hours from Trang by bus.

On the travel itinerary travellers can spend more nights on Ko Muk, Ko Kradan and Ko Ngai. These islands have private resorts.

Be aware that theft is not non-existent on isolated island like Ko Rok. Travellers should not leave their belongings unattended. Bangkok Post

Thailand travel advice

Thailand is well know for is tolerance and hospitality, and the average tourist will easily adjust to the local customs. For some the Thai culture might be unfamiliar but in most situations the use a common sense, good manners, polite behaviour and friendly attitude will be sufficient to have a good relation with Thais. Especially your smile will ensure a positive response. However it is worth to know the main points of a behaviour code in Thailand.
Thai social customs.


The don'ts of Thai social behaviour are less clearly defined than these concerning the monarchy or religion, especially in a city like Bangkok where western customs are better known and more widely accepted. However, what is acceptable in Bangkok may not be in the countryside where the old ways are still prevalent. Here are a few things to keep in mind:

Shoes should be removed when entering private Thai homes

Thais do not normally shake hands when they greet one another, but insteadpress the Palms together in a prayerlike gesture called a wai. Generally, a younger person wais an elder, who returns it. Watch how the Thais do it, and you will soon learn.

It is considered rude to point your foot at a person, so try to avoid doing so when sitting opposite anyone, and following the conception that the foot is a low limb; do not point your foot to show anything to anyone, but use your finger instead.

Thais regard the head as the highest part of the body both literally and figuratively. As a result, they DO NOT approve of touching anyone on that part of the body, even in a friendly gesture. Similarly, if you watch Thai at a social gathering, you will notice that young people go to considerable lengths to keep their heads lower than those of the elder ones, to avoid giving the impression of "looking down" on them. This is not always possible, of course, but it is the effort the counts.

Public displays of affection between men and women are frowned upon. You may see some very Westernized young Thai couples holding hands, but that is the extent of the displaying of affection in this polite society.

Losing your temper, especially in public, will more than likely get you nowhere, The Thais think such displays denote poor manners, and you are more apt to get what you want by keeping a cool head and concealing your emotions.

Do not be surprised if you are addressed by your first name; for instance, Mr. Bob of Miss Mary-instead of by you surname. This id because Thais refer to one another in this manner, usually whith the title "Khun" (Mr., Mrs., or Miss) in front. Follow the customs of the country as far as possible, and you'll make more friends during your stay. The more friends you make, the more you will want to return to Thailand.

The Thai Royal Family.

The Thai love and are proud of their royal family. You should not make any bad comments about the royal family as this will not be tolerated by all Thais.

You are not be allowed take photos or touch any royal exhibits when you will visit palaces or museums.

It's obligatory to stand when the King's anthem is played in the cinemas.

Religion

Visitors should dress neatly when going to religious shrines. They should never go shirtless, or in shorts.
It's all right to wear shoes while walking around the compound of a Buddhist temple, but not inside the chapel where the principal Buddha image is kept. Don't worry dirt when you have to take them off; the floors of such places are usually clean.

Each Buddha image, large or small, ruined or not, is regarded as being sacred object. Never climb onto one to take photograph or do anything that might show lack of respect.

When you sitting in a temple always ensure that your feet are not directed towards Buddha image.

Buddhist priests are forbidden to touch or to be touched by a woman or to accept anything from the hand of one. If a woman has to give anything to a monk or novice, she first hands it to a man, who then presents it. Or in case of a woman who wants to present it with her hand, the monk or novice will spread out a piece of saffron robe or handkerchief in front of him, and the woman will lay down the material on the robe which is being held at one end by the monk or novice.

In a Muslim mosque, men should wear hats and women should be well-covered with slacks or long skirt, a longsleeved blouse buttoned to the neck, and a scarf over the hair. All should remove their shoes before entering the mosque and should not be present if there is a religious gathering

Thailand travel information

Population: Thais are well known for their friendliness and hospitality. A large majority of over 62 million citizens of Thailand are ethnic Thai, along with strong communities whose ethnic origins lie in China, India and elsewhere. About 7 million people reside in the capital city of Bangkok.

People: Thai (80%), Chinese (10%), Malay (3%), and the rest are minorities (Mons, Khmers, hilltribes) Ethnic Thais form the majority, though the area has historically been a migratory crossroads, and has thus produced a degree of ethnic diversity. Integration is such, however, that culturally and socially there is enormous unity.

Language: Spoken and written Thai is largely incomprehensible to the casual visitor. However, English is widely understood, particularly in Bangkok where it is almost the major commercial language. English and some European Languages are spoken in most hotels, shops and restaurants in major tourist destinations, and Thai-English road and street signs are found nationwide.

Religion: Buddhism (95%), Muslim (4%), others (1%)

Government: Thailand has had a constitutional monarchy since 1932. Parliament is composed of 2 houses, The House of Representatives and the Senate. Both representatives and senators are elected by the people. A prime minister elected from among the representatives leads the government. The country is divided into 76 provinces. The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration comes under an elected governor. Appointed provincial governors administer the other 75 provinces (Changwat), which are divided into districts (Amphoe), sub-districts (Tambon) and villages (Mu Ban).

Head of State: H.R.H. King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX of the Chakri Dynasty)

Prime Minister: Thaksin Shinawatra

Administration: 76 provinces, each subdivided into amphoe (district), tambon (sub-disrict) and muban (village)

National Flag: The red, white, and blue stripes symbolize the nation, Buddhism, and the monarchy, respectively.

Time: The time in Thailand is seven hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (+7 hours GMT).

Climate: Thailand enjoys a tropical climate with three distinct seasons-hot and dry from February to May (average temperature 34 degrees Celsius and 75% humidity); rainy with plenty of sunshine from June to October (average day temperature 29 degrees Celsius and 87% humidity); and cool from November to January (temperatures range from 32 degrees Celsius to below 20 degrees Celsius with a drop in humidity).

Much lower temperatures are experienced in the North and Northeast during nighttime. The South has a tropical rainforest climate with temperatures averaging 28 degrees Celsius almost all year round.

Electricity: The electric current is 220 volt AC (50 cycles) throughout the country. Many different types of plugs and sockets are in use. Travellers with electric shavers, hair dryers, tape recorders and other appliances should carry a plug adapter kit. The better hotels will make available 110-volt transformers.

Tap water : Tap water is clean but drinking from it directly should be avoided. Bottled water is recommended

Clothing : Light, cool clothes are sensible and a jacket is needed for formal meetings and dining in top restaurants. Shorts (except knee length walking shorts), sleeveless shirts, tank tops and other beach-style attire are considered inappropriate dress when not actually at the beach or in a resort area.

Weights & measures : The metric system is used throughout Thailand. Numerals on vehicle speed ometers, highway markers and speed limits all indicate kilometres.

Business hours : Most comercial concerns in Bangkok operate on a five-day week, usually from 8 am to 5 pm. Many stores open seven days a week from 10 am to 10 pm. Government offices are generally open between 8.30 am and 4.30 pm with a noon to 1 pm lunch break, Monday to Friday except on public holidays. Banks are open Mondays to Fridays from 9.30 am to 3.30 pm except on public holidays.

Postal Services : Thailand's mail service is reliable and efficient. Major hotels provide basic postal services on their premises. Provincial post offices are usually open from 8.00 a.m. to 4.30 p.m.

International Roaming Mobile Phone : A Subscriber Identity Module Card (SIM Card) is now available for Thai and foreigh customers who are travelling around for work. The SIM Card must be used in conjunction with a Digital GSM mobile phone within the 900-MHz range or a Digital PCN mobile phone within the 1800-MHz range.

Fax and E-mail : All of Thailand's leading hotels offer facsimile (fax) and e-mail services. Numerous private businesses offer such facilities, most often in conjunction with translation services.

Internet Services : Thailand has been expanding its information service for residents and tourists alike through the Internet system. Services are now available at Thailand's leading hotels and at the many " cybercafes " that are cropping up in all major tourist destinations.

Telephone services : At present, all telephone numbers (for local calls and long distance calls within the country) have nine digits.

Central Emergency (Police, Ambulance, Fire) : 191
Highway Patrol : 1193
Crime Suppression : 195 or 0 2513 3844
Tourist Police (English, French and German spoken) : 1155
Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) Call Centre : 1672
Immigration Bureau : 0 2287 3101-10